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Vol. 19 (2016 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2016-1/2
Kapkov V. I., Shoshina E. V., Belenikina O. A.
Bioremediation of marine coastal ecosystems:Using artificial reefs
The development of the biotic community on the artificial reefs in the coastal zone of the northeast Black Sea region has been studied. Colonization stages of the artificial reefs by hydrobionts depended on substance, time and depth of reef construction have been considered. Reef colonization by fouling organisms is a biotic primary succession of the benthic mature community. It has been found that in 2–3 years on an artificial reef species diversity and biomass of aquatic organisms rise sharply and reef biocenose becomes a powerful biofilter involved in the process of environment self-purification. The results of the functioning of the reef biocenose can serve as a basis for using artificial reefs in biological treatment of water in the coastal zone
(in Russian, стр.0, fig. 0, tables. 0, ref 0, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 19 (2016 year), No. 1, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2016-1/2
Shoshina E. V., Kapkov V. I., Belenikina O. A.
Ecological factors regulating growth of seaweeds in Arctic communities
Features of seaweeds in the Arctic communities in connection with periodic and unperiodic influences of ecological factors have been analyzed. It has been shown that the existence of benthic algae biocenosis of the northern seas is mainly controlled by the primary periodic environmental factors acting as triggers that determine the direction of vegetative and generative processes, as well as contribute to the emergence of adaptive devices to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, periodic exposure to environmental factors cause only structural changes in plant communities due to the elastic stability of fucus algae populations acquired as a result of the long process of adaptation to the northern seas conditions. Unperiodic primary factors also violate the ratio of the number by elimination and inhibit growth of certain algae age stages. However thanks to the stability of resistant the algae community can eventually restore its structural and functional organization
(in Russian, стр.0, fig. 0, tables. 0, ref 0, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-2
Kapkov V. I., Shoshina E. V., Belenikina O. A.
Using the marine unicellular algae in biological monitoring
The possibility of using marine unicellular algae from natural plankton community in biomonitoring of pollution by heavy metals has been investigated. Algae of different taxa from the Mediterranean Sea have been allocated to culture. In the laboratory the culture conditions – i. e. growth medium, temperature, photoperiod, level of artificial light and initial density – have been selected for every species. The impact of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb) in the form of chloride salts on the growth of axenic algae culture has been studied in the modelling experiments. The unicellular marine algae have a very short life cycle, therefore it is possible to use them in the experiments of studying the effect of anthropogenic factors at cellular and population levels on the test-object. With biomonitoring pollution of marine environment by heavy metals and others dangerous toxicants, the major indicators of algae community condition are the cellular cycle and the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of the cell. The subsequent lysis of cells under the influence of heavy metals leads to the excretion of secondary metabolites which can essentially affect the metal toxicity. The established scales of threshold and lethal concentration of heavy metals for algae of different taxon make it possible to use the ratio of sensitive and resistant species to heavy metals as biological markers when forecasting ecological consequences of pollution of the marine environment by heavy metals. Distinctions in the resistance of different taxon to heavy metals can result in implementing the strategy of selection of test-objects depending on the purposes of the research.
(in English, стр.7, fig. 0, tables. 3, ref 14, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 20 (2017 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2017-20-2
Malavenda S. V., Shoshina E. V., Kapkov V. I.
Species diversity of seaweeds in different areas of the Barents Sea
The report on species diversity, distribution and abundance of red, brown and green seaweeds on the coastal zone of the Barents Sea has been presented. The authors' own data of benthic vegetation of the Murman coast, Arctic archipelagos (Novaya Zemlja, Franz Joseph Land, Svalbard), southeast part of the sea as well as available literature data have been analyzed. The maximum possible list of benthic macroalgae species has been compiled in accordance with modern concepts of these groups systematics. According to the obtained results the flora of the Barents Sea consists of 178 species: 74 – red, 70 – brown, and 34 – green seaweeds. The algae diversity of the Murman coast is the highest one with 153 species, while the diversity of seaweeds of the Arctic areas coast is much poorer, i. e. the southeastern part of the sea – 64 species, Arctic archipelagos of Franz-Joseph Land – 60 species and Novaya Zemlya – 41 species. On Svalbard, the main species diversity of algae is confined to the western coast; whereas there are only 39 species of seaweeds on the Barents Sea coast. The light diving gear has been used for hydrobotanical methods with sample areas. This has been resulted in a more definite classification of the species structure and condition of seaweeds communities depending on the type of the benthic deposit which is a necessary substratum for benthic seaweeds. The previously established fact about the obvious correlation between the distribution of seaweeds of different systematic groups and microfacies and macrofacies in intertidal zones, tides, the wave force and ice motions in the coastal zone of the sea has been confirmed. The research carried out taking into account the hydrological conditions can be used to assess the condition of seaweeds communities, to explore stocks of commercial seaweeds and to detect the fields for development of mariculture in different biogeographical areas of the Barents Sea.
(in English, стр.5, fig. 1, tables. 2, ref 35, Adobe PDF, Adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 21 (2018 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2018-21-2
Kapkov V. I., Shoshina E. V.
Phytobenthic communities of the Barents Sea Arctic zone and climate change
The study of species structure of benthic seaweeds populations in plant communities of the coastal Arctic zone of Arctic archipelagoes of the Barents Sea on the basis of expeditionary works' materials has been carried out. The use of benthic phytocoenoses occupying a certain biotope with characteristics of ground features, currents, ice conditions while assessing the ecological state of marine coastal Arctic ecosystems has been substantiated. The species composition of phytocoenoses of open and ice-covered areas of the sea is different. It has been established that in extreme Arctic conditions the open areas are characterized by relatively high species diversity. On the contrary at ice-covered areas the reduction of species diversity, the belt distribution of algae and simplification of the community structure as a result of reducing the links between algal populations take place. Algae in such communities are related to each other and to other benthic organisms by topical, trophic and mediative connections. The use of plant communities, rather than individual species of algae as biological indicators and monitors, allows obtaining more complete information about the ecological state of coastal biocoenozes and the ecosystem as a whole. The results of the study can also be used in forecasting the state of the biotic community under climate change in the Arctic zone of the Barents Sea. The similarity of the species composition of the phytocoenozes of the Arctic zone with those living in the boreal zone of the sea, including the Murmansk coast, with a high coefficient of floristic similarity, allows us to conclude that a possible warming will lead to formation of benthic plant communities with characteristics typical for the southern regions of the Barents Sea.
(in English, стр.8, fig. 2, tables. 2, ref 18, adobe PDF, adobe PDF 0 Kb)
Vol. 24 (2021 year), No. 2, DOI: 10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2
Kapkov V. I. , Shoshina E. V.
Intertidal community of fucoid seaweeds in the Yarnyshnaya Bay, the Barents Sea
The specific and spatial structure of benthic algal community on the littoral zone in the east area of Murman coast of the Barents Sea (69°11'78''N, 36°04'38''E) has been studied in the conditions of anthropogenic influence absence. As a material for studying indicators of fucoid community and populations of dominating species in connection with habitats own long-term seasonal observations and data of scientific expeditions of 1994–2017 have served. The species composition of littoral phytocenosis consists of 39 species including 18 brown, 9 red and 12 green seaweeds, with prevalence on number of annual and seasonal species, on a biomass – perennials. Ecological factors influence essentially on seaweed distribution in different sites of the littoral zone. The major abiotic factors are presence of firm substratum, surf and storms, ice motion. Seaweed littoral community had multi-level structure, in which the basic layer was occupied by brown seaweeds with numerous litophytes and epiphytes under beds and on thallus of dominant species. The community algal biomass in the littoral zone was from 2.8 ± 0.6 up to 17.7 ± 2.9 kg/m? and depended on the species structure, substratum for benthic seaweeds, surf and tides. The biomass and density of fucoid seaweeds varied over a wide range in different biotopes under a natural rigid press of seasonal changes of environmental factors (temperature, surfs, storms) during tides and under natural damages of littoral community in the arctic region. As a whole littoral fucoid phytocenosis of the bay could be considered as an example of adaptation of seaweeds populations to the conditions of the northern seas. The received results could be useful for estimating ecological status of coastal ecosystem, at stock assessment of commercial seaweeds and for algal aquaculture development in the Barents Sea.
(in Russian, стр.10, fig. 1, tables. 6, ref 26, AdobePDF, AdobePDF 0 Kb)